1.Uyini umbono wezimpahla zangaphandle?
Imishini yangaphandle isho ukubamba iqhaza kwezokuvakasha okuhlukahlukene kanye nemisebenzi yangaphandle edinga ukulungisa ezinye izinto zokusebenza, okuhlanganisa izikhwama zangaphandle, izicathulo zangaphandle, izingubo zangaphandle, izesekeli zezimpahla zokugqoka, izinto zokukhempa nokunye.Ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yemishini yangaphandle kuhlobene eduze nokuthuthukiswa kwemidlalo yangaphandle.Phakathi kwamazwe nezifunda ezinkulu emhlabeni, iYurophu ne-United States ziyahola ekuthuthukiseni imidlalo yangaphandle, okuyindlela ebalulekile yokuphila yabantu.I-Europe kanye ne-United States banesidingo esizinzile nesiqhubekayo sempahla yezemidlalo yangaphandle.Imidlalo yangaphandle yavela ezweni lakithi eminyakeni engama-80, intuthuko ihlehlele emuva.Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukumenyezelwa kwenqubomgomo kazwelonke yokufaneleka kanye nosizi lwalolu bhubhane kuye kwavusa isasasa labahlali basekhaya ngokukhempa, i-RV neminye imidlalo yangaphandle, okwenze ukuthi isidingo sempahla yangaphandle sikhule, futhi imboni ikhula ngokushesha futhi iyakhombisa. umkhuba wokukhula okuqhubekayo.
Isikali semali engenayo yemboni yemikhiqizo yangaphandle sasingama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-169.03, sikhuphuke ngo-6.4% unyaka nonyaka.Ngo-2021, isilinganiso semali engenayo yemboni yemikhiqizo yangaphandle yomhlaba wonke sasingu-$181.235 billion, nokukhula konyaka ngo-13.3%;Izinga lemali engenayo yemboni yemikhiqizo yangaphandle yaseShayina ibingama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-183.180, ikhuphuke ngo-8.2% unyaka nonyaka.
Mayelana nokuthengiswa okuphelele kwezitolo kanye nokuthunyelwa kwemikhiqizo, okuthintekile ngenxa yalolu bhubhane, inani eliphelele lokuthengiswa kwezitolo kanye nokuthunyelwa kwemikhiqizo yangaphandle kwehle kancane, ngokulandelana kwafinyelela kuma-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-24.52 kanye nama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-13.88 ngo-2020, ngamazinga okukhula angu- -2% kanye -2 %.Njengoba ubhubhane luthuthuka futhi nesidingo semidlalo yangaphandle sikhula, ukuthengiswa okuphelele kwezitolo nokuthunyelwa komkhiqizo wezimpahla zangaphandle kulindeleke ukuthi kuqale ngokuzayo.
Kusukela emncintiswaneni, imboni yezimpahla zangaphandle iqale sekwephuzile, futhi imakethe igcwele imikhiqizo yamazwe ngamazwe ebonakala emakethe ephakeme namandla aqinile ochwepheshe nawobuchwepheshe.Imikhiqizo eminingi yasekhaya igxile emakethe esezingeni eliphansi, futhi isabelo semakethe siphansi.Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwemikhiqizo yasekhaya, isabelo semakethe samabhizinisi endawo senyukile.
Ngokuzayo, kusekhona igebe elikhulu phakathi kwezinga lokubamba iqhaza kwezemidlalo yangaphandle kanye nesilinganiso sezimboni ngokumelene nezinga le-Europe ne-America.Ngokombono wezinga lokubamba iqhaza kwangaphandle, i-China cishe i-10%, kuyilapho i-United States, iJalimane, iBrithani namanye amazwe ase-Europe, izinga lokubamba iqhaza kwezemidlalo yangaphandle ngokuyisisekelo lingaphezu kwama-50%.Ngakho-ke, kunesikhala esikhulu sokuthuthukiswa kwezinga lokubamba iqhaza kwangaphandle, futhi imakethe yemikhiqizo yangaphandle isalokhu kufanele ithengwe.Kulinganiselwa ukuthi isikali semali engenayo yemboni yemikhiqizo yangaphandle emhlabeni wonke sizofinyelela kumadola ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-236.34 ngo-2025, ngokukhula konyaka nonyaka ngo-4.4%;Isilinganiso semali engenayo yemboni yemikhiqizo yangaphandle yaseShayina sifinyelele ku-240.96 billion yuan, sikhuphuke ngo-6.5% unyaka nonyaka.
2.Ukuhlaziywa kwenkambiso yentuthuko yemboni yezimpahla zangaphandle
Imakethe yemikhiqizo yangaphandle yaseChina isesigabeni sokuthuthuka ngokushesha.Ngenxa yomkhawulo ophansi wokungena esigabeni sokuqala semboni, ukwenzeka kokuncintisana okulinganayo kusobala njengamanje.Imikhiqizo yasekhaya ibumba isiko lomkhiqizo wesici ngokumaketha okuhlukene, futhi igxile emadolobheni esigaba sesibili nesesithathu ukusatshalaliswa okuminyene, ukuqwashisa ngemikhiqizo namandla okuncintisana kuhlala kuthuthuka.Njengamanje, imakethe yaseShayina yenze iphethini yokungena kanye nokuncintisana phakathi kwemikhiqizo yamazwe ngamazwe kanye nemikhiqizo yasekhaya.Ukugxila komncintiswano kuye kwashintsha kancane kancane kusukela emqhudelwaneni wokuqala wokukhipha kanye nentengo kuya emqhudelwaneni wesiteshi, bese kuya esigabeni samanje sokuncintisana komkhiqizo.Ukuncintisana kwemboni yesikhathi esizayo kuzothuthuka ngokujulile kufinyelele emandleni aphelele omncintiswano.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-18-2022